Muddiest Point Week 13

Is it better to use XML schema rather than DTD? Or do you use DTD in XMLschema. I'm a bit confused.

Week 14

Cloud Computing
-some vendors same its virtual servers on the internet
-others say anything outside the firewall is cloud computing
Think about what IT always needs
-a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software.

Types of Clouds

1. SaaS: single app through browser to thousands-no upfront investment

2.Utility: storage and virtual servers access on demand

3.Web Services: APIs to exploit functionality

4. Platform as service: development envrionments as a service, build own apps

5. MSP: app exposed to IT rather than end users, virus scanning

6. Service commerce platforms: service hub that users interact with

7. Internet integration


In Vermont, patron privacy was challenged by police who were conducting an investigation. They wanted computers from the library, but were told they need a court order to ensure that privacy of others would be protected. At first it seemed that the officer would cooperate, but it became apparent that he didn't want to speak to a judge. They eventually got a court order.


Key Trends in Next Gen library

1. Communication systems change information access practices

2. All of today's new technology will be replaced by new technology

3. Small particle storage not perfect, but soon

4. Search technology will become more complicated

5. The need for speed changes library patrons lifestyles

6. Transition to verbal society

7. People want global information

8. New global systems

9. Product->experience economy

10. Libraries will be center of culture

Recommendations

Evaluate experience
Embrace new tech
Preserve mems of communities
Experiment with creative spaces

Muddiest Point Week 12

Not really a question but a comment. I'm glad that we went through XML so thoroughly. I've been doing HTML and CSS, and I know how to structure it, even if I'm not the greatest graphic designer in the world. Previously, my classes have only mentioned XML in passing, so I was never really certain as to what it was. I'm glad to have an actual idea now.

Week 13:XMLII

Document Type Definitions
-way to describe the language of document. Same way you learn a grammar for a spoken language.
-internal and external

Document Type Declaration
-DOCTYPE
-shows doc should conform to DTD
-<!DOCTYPE   >
-root element must match exactly
-XML IS CASE SENSITIVE

System Identifier
-allows you to to specify location of external file w/ DTD
-keyword SYSTEM and URI

Public Identifiers
-2nd mechanism for locating DTD
-keyword PUBLIC
-entry in catalouge
-cant combine two diff vcabs in same doc

Use DTD that are widely accepted-easier to integrate
error free
simple URI
correct media type
provide documentation

Three Parts
-element declaration:must declare each element that appears
-attribute declarations: declare list of allowable attr for each element
-entity declarations

DTD Limitations
-bad support for XML namespace
-poor data typing
-limited content model desc


XML Schemas
-use same XML syntax
-support namespace rec
-enables text element content validation
-easily create complex and reusable content
-enable modeling of programming

Raspberry Pi: A Tale of Woe

My first encounter with a Raspberry Pi (RP) was last year. It was a very brief encounter. The digital librarian decided she was going to use the Children's library OPAC as a guinea pig for her RP. She did not tell us what exactly it was, or what is was suppose to do there. The next encounter I had was this past winter. I didn't even realize it was the same device. She had built it so when a user pressed a button, a receipt with a book recommendation was printed.  Having seen RP in a library setting, I was not surprised when it was announced as a project for LIS 2000.

It is certainly no secret that the RP has caused more than one person major stress and frustration. As I am writing this I have given up for the second time. This makes me nervous, as the points are a large part of the grade in this class. So please don't fail me. I'm going to use this blog post as a sort of conversation (one-sided though it may be) about the project as a whole and my thoughts and feelings.

My classmate, Anne, mentioned this to me yesterday while we were talking about course of study and it was sort of a lightning rod moment for me. I think in large part the reason that this is so frustrating is the RP project seems exists wholly outside of the actual class of LIS 2000. We have had many interesting guest lectures, and papers pertaining to those lectures. And then sudden bursts of panic as we remember that RP is something that is suppose to be happening. It just doesn't feel like it fits in that class. It would almost make more sense for it to be a LIS2600 semester long project or something.

Something that has frustrated me personally throughout is the thrown in the shark infested waters with no chain mail feeling. I was a computer science minor (computer science for liberal arts majors but still) and for two years in my coding classes we started with the basics. And then in the final month or so, we were given our chain mail to complete our final projects. I.e. build a website from scratch. I survived the swim, but only because I experienced the training. On the one hand I understand what the goal was in giving us the project the way that we were. That is how the actual world works. We will be confronted with technology throughout our careers that will confuse and astound us. On the other hand. I am paying a lot of money to go to school to learn and hone my library and information technology skills. And as a student I expect to be taught, not stressed.

This next thing sort of ties into the previous basics statement. If we were to get basics we would be (possibly) more free to actually create something with the Pi. Like my friend at my previous library did. She did not use coder, but she still built a thing. The lack of any knowledge was compounded by the restrictive nature of the project, that is, that we had to use Google coder, an OS, when there are hundreds of things to do with a Pi, that could also be Windows based.

Which brings me to the biggest sticking point. The tools. This was discussed in class, but let's rehash it a bit shall we? SD card, mouse, separate keyboard and screen, HDMI cables, inaccessible routers, who has the kit right now. Who can afford all these extras for one use? I bought an Ethernet cable and a micro SD I didn't plan for, and don't have another use for. The logistics are shaky.

My attempts were fraught with roadblocks. The assignment instructions on courseweb are just as sparse as the google coder website itself. And it took me a while to realize that the steps were not necessarily as chronological as there seemed. I also, for some reason, had the hardest time keeping anything on my SD card, and now my mousepad is acting up. I was unable to attend the outside class time sessions. Which brings me back to the feeling of it not really belonging in LIS 2000. They were outside my set aside time.

I have no doubt that the Pi project could be a useful, interesting, and even fun project. And I also understand that we are the guinea pigs so there was bound to be issues. At this point, I want this post to be informative to the professors of this course. And to not lose 20 points. I shall post a picture with proof of my attempt to get everything running.

As you can see I tried to utilize the wireless doogle (dongle?) but that was lost on me as well. I hope this was helpful or at least informative.

Muddiest Point week 8

I've been doing HTML and CSS for the last two years, so the lectures and readings aren't really new to me. But I did have some troubles trying to upload my HTML lab to the school's server.

CSS Week 9

Rule-  a statement about one stylistic aspect of one or more elements. A style sheet is a set of one or more rules that apply to an HTML document

Two Parts- selector(link btw HTML), declaration(actual effect)

Declaration- property:value

Style sheets can be inserted into html in style at top

DONT FORGET INHERITANCE

Can Have more than one style sheet per html doc

w3schools for examples

Muddiest Point week 7

I was absent from class, but I once read that the internet is just a giant cable under the sea and actually incapable of handling the amount of traffic soon to be on it. How true is this?

HTML Week 8

HTML v XTML-XTML expand on HTML, XTML must be "well-formed", all formats are part of style sheet NOT IN XTML DOC

tags surrounded by <>

Attributes-pairs of standard names and values

GIF, JPEG, PNG, TIFF

Content Management System
-Content management (CM) can be defined as the process of collecting, managing and
publishing content

-content disconnected from layout and design elements
-lots of things qualify as content
-CMS rids "gatekeeper"


Commercial, open source, in-house options

Muddiest Point Metadata

How successful is DCMI?

Network Basics and Internet Week 7

Computer Network Hierarchy
-Every computer is connected to part of a network
-ISP (internet service provider)
-LAN (local area network)]
-a network of networks
-POP (point of presence)
-NAPS (network access points)

Router
-determine whether to send information
-info doesn't go where its not needed
-info makes it to intended destination

Backbones
-NSF created first one in 1987
-fiber optic trunk lines

IP Addresses
-unique identifying number
-lang. comps used to communicate over internet
-four numbers called octets

URL
-TLD:COM, .ORG, .NET, .EDU and .GOV

DNS(domain name system)
It can answer the request with an IP address because it already knows the IP address for the requested domain.
It can contact another DNS server and try to find the IP address for the name requested. It may have to do this multiple times.
It can say, "I don't know the IP address for the domain you requested, but here's the IP address for a DNS server that knows more than I do."
It can return an error message because the requested domain name is invalid or does not exist.

Muddiest Point Week 5

A reading from last week talked about how web sites are searched and subsequently dumped if they are found to have no useful information. How is such a determination made?

Metadata and Content Management

Metadata- data about data

Before 1990s metadata was used by communities who used  management and interoperability of geospatial data and with data management and systems design and maintenance in general
Meant industry standards and int and ext documentation

BIG PICTURE:
- sum total of what one can say about any information object at any level of aggregation
- information object is anything that can be addressed and manipulated as a discrete entity by a human being or an information system
-single or aggregated items or whole database

Information Objects and Three Features
1. Content- what object contains
2. Context- wwwwh
3. Structure

Library Metadata- indexes, abstracts, and bibliographic records by cataloging rules

"there is no single metadata standard that is adequate for describing all types of collections and materials; selection of the most appropriate suite of metadata standards and tools, and creation of clean, consistent metadata according to those standards, not only will enable good descriptions of specific collection materials but also will make it possible to map metadata created according to different community-specific standards,"

Structure role is becoming more important in technology age

OUTSIDE Lib
META tags in HTML for easier findings
user-created (tags)

FUNCTIONS:
-Creation, multiversioning, reuse, and recontextualization of information objects
-Organization and description
-Validation
-Search and Retrival
-Utilization and preservation
-Disposition

METADATA IS OF IMPORT AND NOT JUST DIGITAL, ITS BEEN THERE SINCE DATA HAS BEEN COLLECTED

DUBLIN CORE DATA MODEL
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)- international project to find some sort of consensus on metadata across disciplines

Some standards for functional requirements
-internalization
-Modularzation
-Element Identity
-Semantic Refinement
-Indetify encoding schemes
-Spec of controlled vocabs
-Inde of structured compound values

Muddiest Point Week 4

I think I'd like the relationships 1:1, 1:M ect gone over again, and what that means in terms of entities and attributes when building a database.

Database Technologies and Applications Week 5

UNION- R1+R2= R3 w/ tuples in either. Attrib must be defined on same domain

DIFFERENCE- diff of realtions R1 and R2 is new R3. Tuples only in R1

RESTRICTION- extract specified tuples from spc relation R1 by imposing cond on relationRESULT R2 has only spc tuples (replaced by selected in new systesm)

PRODUCT- R3 w/ concatenation of every tuple in R1 wit every tuple R2

PROJECTION- extract spc attri from spc R1 into new R2

JOIN- R1+R2= R3 w/ tuples R1/2 satisfy spc condition (natch)

INTERSECTION- two spc relations R1/2 where R3 has tuple in R1/2

DIVISION- relation 

PRIMARY OPERTAIONS- union, difference, select, project, adn product

SECONDARY OPERATIONS- join, intersect, divide

Aliasing-when you need to refer to different tuples in the same relations

Extend- takes realtion as input and reutrns with add column

Aggregate- summerize values of a column of realtion

SQL is ex of DSL develp in 70s

commands in command prompts of embedded applicatoins

advantages- rapid software devl, higher quality, higher productivity, data independence, standardization

Web Engines Part One

Web engines operate with large and geographically distributed centers. Clusters or ind, data centers has specific jobs, such as crawling. Large scale replication required.

CRAWLING

Speed, politeness, excluded/dupped content, spam rejection

Indexing

 inverted file to rapidly identify indexing terms

 first phase, scanning, the indexer scans the text of each input document

 for high-quality rankings, real indexers store additional information in the postings

TERM LOOKUP, COMPRESSION, PHRASES, ANCHOR TEXT,

Database Technologies and Applications

INTRO TO DATABASE SYSTEMS

DBS: database system, computerized record keeping system

DBMS: Database management system, set of programs forbDB management

End Users: communicate with software systems/apps->comm w/ DBMS->comm w/ operating system to store/extract

OBJECTIVES:
security, reliability, flexibility, ease of access, accuracy, clarity, availability

DATA INDEPENDENCE:
immunity of app programs to changes in structures and access

ADVANTAGES:
reduce redundancy, avoid in constituencies sharable standards integrity

1. External- individual user view
2. Conceptual- abstract rep of info
3. Internal- low level rep of data

Conceptual-internal mapping: conc records repped at internal level
External-conceptual: ext views linked to conpt level

DBMS
definition manipulation security access maintenance

DDS
Data definition subsystem: tools and utilities for defining and changing DB

RELATIONAL MODELS
(see book for charts)

Domain- scalar values attributes drawn

Languages:
SQL OQL XQUERY SQL/XML

Examples found on last link

Muddiest Point week 3

The lecture was clear as it was mostly basic things. The wiki article on compression was a but difficult to get through.

Multimedia Representation and Storage Notes

-multimedia means different things to different groups

-convergence: scenario where all the forms of media become one single form

- HTML : hypertext mark up language
-XML: extensible markup language

New millennium shows just how fast tech moves.

Things to remember for content design:
-Graphic styles
-Color Principles
-Fonts(18-36) sans>serif
-Use color wheel

Data Compression
How much?- depends on app, comp capability, and bandwidth

Compression:
-Lossy or lossless
No info lost in lossless hence the name
Useful bc it helps reduce storage